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Determination of Blood Pressure
Plch, Miroslav ; Smital, Lukáš (referee) ; Čmiel, Vratislav (advisor)
The thesis includes a general introduction to monitoring and measurement of blood pressure of horses, the design of algorithms for pressure curve detection and the calculation of respiratory variabilities in mechanical ventilation under anaesthesia. The first two chapters focus on anatomy, on characteristics of blood flow and on vascular system. Then it deals with the measurement of blood pressure, monitoring of a horse under anaesthesia and it describes particular thermodynamic parameters. In the following part of the thesis, the methods of pressure curve detection are described. The last part contains the description of an algorithm designed for detection of pressure curve of horses in the environment of the program LabVIEW. The program calculates, displays and saves variabilities of systolic pressure, pulse volume, pressure amplitude, pulse frequency, peripheral resistance and vascular expansion from the detected values.
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Test of exposiv partitions in anestetic praxis.
Klimešová, Marie ; Dvořák, Miroslav (referee) ; Jehlička, Karel (advisor)
On anesteziologic workplace are workers meet with various substances and materials every day. Are they put at risk of outbreak of fire or explosion? I´m going to put mind to this issue in my work, which is aimed at monitoring concentrations of explosive substances used in anesthesia. A related study of gases and vapors of volatile liquids concentration, explosiveness, flammability and other properties. I'm interesting in security and the timely identification of gases and vapors of volatile substances of the leak of anesthetic workplace, then studying the detection system and the detectors themselves. I meet with gas analyzers of company Brűel & Kjaer.
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Determination of Blood Pressure Parameters for Ventilation Control during Anaestesia in Horses
Horský, Martin ; Provazník, Ivo (referee) ; Čmiel, Vratislav (advisor)
The present work deals with the issue of hemodynamic monitoring of blood pressure in horses during mechanical ventilation in anesthetized horses. Result of this work is an extension to the application Datex-Ohmeda S/5 Collect, which from the pressure curve provides values needed for optimal ventilation. Initial chapter provides a general physiologic introduction. It describes the definition of blood pressure, cardiac cycle and description of the pressure curve. It also deals with the hemodynamic parameters such as pulse pressure, stroke volume and their variabilities. In the second chapter is described methodology of measuring blood pressure in horses. Both, noninvasive and invasive methods are included. The third chapter analyzes fluctuations in blood pressure during ventilation. The last fourth chapter describes the implemented extension module which is designed to monitor hemodynamic parameters of the pressure curve.
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Mechanism and Effects of General Anaesthetics
Páchniková, Nina ; Groborz, Ondřej (advisor) ; Hrčka Krausová, Barbora (referee)
General anesthetics are key pharmacological agents that induce a reversible state of unconsciousness and allow surgical procedures to be performed. Despite their widespread use, the exact mechanism of action of general anesthetics remains partially unclear. This work provides a comprehensive review of historical and current theories of anesthetic function, examining general mechanisms of action and relevant target protein receptors including GABAA, glycine and NMDA receptors. It deals with the effects of specific anesthetics, namely etomidate, propofol, ketamine and isoflurane, examines their clinical effects, mechanisms of anesthetic action and interactions with various receptors. The thesis also discusses the implications of these findings, potentially informing future research directions. Key words: Anaesthetic, Pharmacology, Receptors, Review, Hypothesis
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Management of patient´s care focused on anaesthesia before planned surgical procedure
HOLKUPOVÁ, Klára
This bachelor thesis aims to map the specifics of the duties of a nurse anaesthetist. To meet the goals, 2 main research questions were set: "What activities does a nurse anaesthetist perform?", "What is the role of a nurse anaesthetist in a multidisciplinary team?". The goal is achieved through a qualitative survey, which was conducted in the form of semi-structured interviews with 6 nurse anaesthetists from hospitals in the South Bohemian region. To select and obtain informants, the "snow ball" technique was used. Data collection took place from March to June 2020. The data obtained were coded using the "pencil and paper" method and divided into categories and subcategories. The first part of the work is divided into chapters and subchapters dealing with management, anaesthesia, the profession of a nurse anaesthetist, and patient preparation before surgery. The practical part of the work processes and analyses interviews with nurse anaesthetists, where the open coding method is used to analyse the research data. From the analysis of the obtained data, we received a comprehensive view of the profession of a nurse anaesthetist. Nurse anaesthetists provide nursing care for the patient before, during, and after the operation. Among other things, they prepare the operating room and anaesthesiologic workplaces, and check and prepare the necessary aids and devices. During the provision of comprehensive patient care, the nurses mention communication and cooperation with all members of the multidisciplinary team as an indispensable part. Team members communicate with each other, work together, and help each other to ensure quality patient care. The bachelor's thesis can serve in practice as a motivation for general nurse students to further their education and to perform the profession of a nurse anaesthetist. The whole work aims to explain the scope of work of a nurse anaesthetist. The output of this work is a professional article mediating information for medical staff in a professional periodical.
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Citlivost plůdku hlavatky obecné (Hucho hucho) k anestetikům Eugenol, MS-222 a 2-fenoxyetanol.
KAREŠ, Martin
This diploma thesis, in the introduction, summarizes the known information about anesthesia with the physiological effect of anesthetics on fish, including a description of the various stages of anesthesia. The following are the detailed characteristics of the anesthetics used (Eugenol, MS-222, 2-phenoxyethanol and Propiscin) and describes the biology and breeding of the studied fish species - Hucho hucho and related species. The practical part of the work deals with the assessment of the influence of individual anesthetics (Eugenol, MS-222, 2-phenoxyethanol and Propiscin) on the onset of individual phases of anesthesia (2, 3a, 3b, 4) and the disappearance phase (3b, 3a, 2,). Unless otherwise stated, the average piece weight of the experimental subjects used was in the range. In the case of the anesthetic Eugenol, the effect of temperature (in the range of 5-15°C) and the concentration of the anesthetic bath (in the range of 0.02-0.04 ml.l-1) and the effect of different fish sizes (in the case of 3 groups in the range of average piece weight 4-353g, at a temperature of 10°C and an anesthetic concentration of 0.03 ml.l-1). The efficacy of the anesthetics MS-222, 2-phenoxyethanol and Propiscin was monitored only at 10°C, each at 5 different concentrations (MS-222 at a concentration of 60-140 mg.l-1,2-phenoxyethanol at a concentration of 0.40-0.60 ml.l-1 and Propiscin at a concentration of 0.5-1.5 ml.l-1). Prior to the actual experiments, the fish were adapted for several days to the temperatures at which the monitoring was performed, the day before the actual experiments the fish were not fed. The duration of the experimental fish's stay in the anesthetic bath was always 10 minutes, after which the fish were immediately transferred to a container of clean water of identical temperature and their observation was continued. The achieved results of the onset of individual phases of anesthesia and its fading in individual variants of the experiment are characterized by the average length of time in seconds and the standard deviation. In most cases, the highest onset times of anesthesia were 5°C and 7.5°C. The lowest values of the onset of anesthesia were 12.5°C. The average values of anesthesia fading decreased with higher temperature in most cases, but with higher concentration the onset of fading phases prolonged. The onset of the individual phases of anesthesia and fading were influenced by concentration, temperature, and weight. Orientation test of anesthetics MS-222, 2-phenoxyethanol and Propiscin at 10°C. The mentioned anesthetics showed the same trend, a gradual decrease in the onset of the anesthesia phases with increasing concentration. In the case of MS-222, 20% mortality was monitored at a concentration of 140 mg.l-1. Propiscin shows a significantly longer time for anesthesia to subside at a concentration of 1 ml.l-1. In the monitored size categories at a temperature of 10°C and a concentration of 0.03 ml.l-1 Eugenol, there was no clear trend of the dependence of the onset of individual phases of anesthesia on the size of fish.
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Pitfalls of the surgical treatment of obesity from the patient's point of view
Hakenová, Renata ; Heczková, Jana (advisor) ; Stoklasová, Radka (referee)
This thesis examines the surgical treatment of obesity from the perspective of the patient. The theoretical portion deals with etiopathogenesis, diagnosis, complications, related illnesses, conservative and surgical treatments (definitions, overview and types, principles of basic bariatric approaches, as well as effects and indications, side effects, and results of treatment. It also includes the specifics of the pre-operative preparation, immediate and long- term post-operative care, psychological preparation and post-bariatric-surgery nutrition. The empirical portion consists of quantitative research in the form of a survey instrument with closed-end questions with the possibility of individual responses. The respondents were patients who had been diagnosed as morbidly obese or third-degree obesity and who had also been through surgery within the past three years. One hundred and fifty surveys were distributed, 125 were returned, and 10 of those were not used for incompleteness, and another 6 were not used because the respondents did not meet the criteria. One of the primary goals of the research was to ascertain the information that patients were missing before bariatric surgery and whether this information had a significant effect on the result of the bariatric approach. Another primary goal of...
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History of the pain treatment
Erbenová, Helena ; Mellanová, Alena (advisor) ; Vaňková, Milena (referee)
The thesis focuses on the history of pain treatment from the beginning of humanity to present days. It aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the research development, creation of theories and struggling of a man with the pain, an unpleasant sensory perception, without which the mankind would most probably not survive. From the skeletal remains we learn about pain-killing practices among primitive people who were, besides various potions, charms, spells and rituals, able to use even the trepanation techniques. We find that people in ancient times apparently understood the pain caused by traumatic mechanisms but they could not handle the pain caused by some internal disorder. Early findings about the treatment of pain were thus linked to the nature. People used plants with narcotic and analgetic effects e. g. opium, cannabis, mandrake and physical quantities such as pressure, heat, cold or even shocks generated by electric fish. Over the time they improved this knowledge and reached for new findings. This thesis presents also ideas and creation of theories of pain provided by thinkers and scholars across centuries. Works from antiquity had apparently the biggest and the longest lasting influence on pain and medical problematics. From historical sources we read that new discoveries in medicine...
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Patient education nurse anesthetist
Kloubcová, Lenka ; Hošťálková, Monika (advisor) ; Heczková, Jana (referee)
Bachelor thesis is focused on assessing the quality of patient education nurse anesthetist. Patient education is considered from the perspective of nurse anesthesia. The theoretical part of this work is devoted to general anesthesia characteristics, definitions and history of anesthesia. The following section deals with different types of anesthesia, complications of anesthesia and drugs used in anesthesia. Furthermore, the work focuses on the characteristics of the patient before, during and after anesthesia, and the specifics of the individual parts of anesthesia from the viewpoint of anesthesia nurses. The last chapter includes the very concept of education and the importance of good communication with the patient throughout the preparation of the patient for anesthesia. The basis of this work is a quantitative research ideas anesthesia nurses by anonymous questionnaires. Here the sisters reflect the stated objectives of work. The stated goal of the work is to identify the knowledge of anesthesia nursing Educational process, whether anesthesiology nurses involved in patient education before elective surgery and anesthesia nurses whether they have created suitable conditions for patient education. These objectives were met. As a possible solution for improving the efficiency of education could...
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Hemodynamic optimalization in hepatic recection
Zatloukal, Jan ; Pradl, Richard (advisor) ; Cvachovec, Karel (referee) ; Málek, Jiří (referee)
Lowering of central venous pressure in hepatic surgery is nowadays widely recommended and used procedure. Low central venous pressure anesthesia is associated with decreased blood loss and improved clinical outcome. There are several approaches how to reach low central venous pressure. Till now none of them is recommended as superior in terms of patient safety and clinical outcome. Concurrently there is still debate if to use the low central venous pressure anesthesia principle or if it could be replaced with a principle of anesthesia with high stroke volume variation (or another dynamic preload parameter) with the use of a more sophisticated hemodynamic monitoring method. Results of our study didn't show any significant difference between two approaches used for reduction of central venous pressure, but suggest that the principle of low central venous pressure anesthesia could be possibly replaced by the principle of high stroke volume variation anesthesia which presumes the use of advanced hemodynamic monitoring. KEYWORDS Hepatic resection, central venous pressure, Pringle maneuver, hemodynamics, hemodynamic monitoring, fluid therapy, anesthesia
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